The prices in the research region for rubber tripled during 2006 and 2010. Traditional rubber growing area means area suitable for rubber cultivation in kerala and kanyakumari district of tamil nadu. The total cropped area of the state is 2,591,734 ha and the fact that the plantation crops cover 27. A majority of the cultivation is concentrated in kottayam, pathanamthitta, kollam and idukki districts. Thiruvananthapuram district familypedia fandom powered by. Kudumbasree aims at improving the productivity of women farmer groups. This table shows that india has made phenomenal progress in all the three aspects of rubber i. The productivity of 1879 kg per hectare provisional was achieved during 200607 which was highest among the rubber producing countries in the world. Malaysia, indonesia, thailand and africa are the main rubber producing countries. An analytical study for market integration hypothesis for natural rubber cultivation of keralaabstract. Upon finding it as the best suitable place for rubber cultivation, they started commercial cultivation of natural rubber in this country. The study launched in february 1994, is intended for policy and strategy building t. Despite a regular increase in the area under cultivation, the report said that keralas share has been dwindling over the last decade.
The tree, gave the strange substance latex, was later called the rubber tree. The most important incentive that can be given to any farmer is to give a remunerat ve price for this produce. Paddy cultivation has been confined to less than 20 % of the earlier position. Condition, method and areas of rubber production in india. An organizational study report of rubco huat woods pvt ltd. Rubber crop cultivation guide rubber farming indiaagronet. Search for rubber in prehevea brasiliensis days and. Pdf a study of the health profile of rubber plantation. Since these regions had reached their saturation point in rubber cultivation with very limited scope for further expansion, the government of india under the aegis of the rubber board launched rubber development. It is the source of livelihood for millions of small and marginal farmers and provides employment for millions of plantation workers. The production and productivity of the crop in kerala also exhibit a marked downward trend while karnataka as well as tamil nadu have shown steady increase over the period 2007 to 2012 as can be seen from tables 2 and 3.
Add 10 kg commercial magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency. It is because in such hill regions the climate and soil conditions are suitable for cultivating tea. The application forms can be downloaded from the rubber boards website. The importance of rubber production in india can a strategic and security reason had been realized by the. State of indian agriculture 201516 ministry of agriculture. Rubber board functioning of the rubber board, kottayam highlights the area under rubber cultivation, production of natural rubber and productivity showed consistent uptrend during x plan period. How fall in rubber prices is impacting lakhs of keralites who have built fortunes from its cultivation appeals, memoranda and even strikes the 10 lakhodd rubber farmers and their families in the state have tried it all to convince the policy makers about the need to. Pineapple ananas comosus cultivation as an intercrop in. This includes northeastern regions also certified as fit for rubber cultiva.
In kerala, rubber cultivation covers a total area of. In recent years, among nontraditional region, tripura and assam have witnessed growing production of nr. Rubber is traditionally grown in india in the hinterlands of the south west coast comprising the kerala state and adjoining kanyakumari district of tamil nadu. Interviews were 30 to 50 minutes in duration and were digitally recorded. The rubber board is a statutory body constituted by the government of india, under the rubber act 1947, for the overall development of the rubber industry in the country. Pineapple research station kerala agricultural university, vazhakulam686 670, muvattupuzha, ernakulam district, kerala, india. India natural rubber plantation area 2019 statista. Pineapple research station kerala agricultural university, vazhakulam686 670, muvattupuzha, ernakulam, kerala. Rubber plantation is a highly lucrative and profitable business and. Coriander farming profit, cost, project report dhania mushroom cultivation income, cost, yield, profits. Emerging smallholder rubber farming systems in india and. Soil survey done and soil samples were brought from elamdesam block, idukki district, kerala, india in the year 2016 and laboratory characterization and suitability assessment was done during 2017 in national bureau of soil survey and land use planning, regional centre. Pineapple cultivation is a popular practice among the rubber planters at the time of replantation especially in the district of kottayam, pathanamthitta, idukki and ernakulam of kerala state in india. The importance of rubber production in india can a.
Rubber cultivation had its beginnings in 1876, when sir henry wickham brought hevea seeds to kew gardens in london where he succeeded in germinating trees which he sent to sri lanka. Agricultural officer kerala public service commission. Okra farming cost, profits bhindi a project report. Rubber is heavily capital intensive because harvest starts after 8 years. Rubber plantations in india cultivation of rubber crop. Thiruvananthapuram district familypedia fandom powered. Tea plantations of kerala tea estates kerala kerala. Kerala is the leading rubber plantation state in india. Pdf in india, the state of kerala and kanyakumari district of tamil nadu state are. Today, rubber plantation may not be financially viable, but if you have the patience to hold on for around 8 to 10 years, the rubber plantations will surely become a treasure. The purpose of this article is to analyse the market integration and causal nexus between two market prices of rubber in kerala economy during the period of pre and post reform. This tract is however, now reaching a level of saturation for rubber cultivation and the scope of further expansion is very much limited. The headquarters is the city of thiruvananthapuram trivandrum which is also the capital city of kerala.
The study was attempted in one agroclimatic zone the semiarid zone, and was only undertaken for one harvest in a 550 acre area. Year plan in march 2017, it hopes to bring an additional 60,000 ha under cultivation. Economic analysis of black pepper cultivation in kerala. Rubber is useful because of its invaluable qualities such as elasticity, resistance to water and nonconduction. Season main season of planting is aprilmay and augustseptember, but it can be planted in all months except during heavy rains of junejuly. In india, the state of kerala and kanyakumari district of tamil nadu state are the traditional rubber growing areas accounting for 90 per cent of rubber production. Keeping in view these aspects, the paper attempts to compute the cost of cultivation of cardamom and to analyse the relative profitability and export competitiveness of cardamom cultivation in kerala. Rubber is made from the latex of a tree called hevea brasiliensis.
Behera2 and james jacob3 1regional research station, rubber research institute of india, agartala 799 006, india. The headquarters is the city of thiruvananthapuram trivandrum which is also the capital city of kerala the district has an area of 2,192 square kilometres 846 sq mi and a population of 3,307,284 as per the 2011 census, the secondmost populous. Distribution of natural rubber cultivation in relation to soil and landscape attributes in india article pdf available january 2008 with 2,627 reads how we measure reads. Different soil physicochemical parameters like, ph. Most of the land holders began adopting rubber cultivation in a massive scale eliminating so many of the food crops from the area.
Do extensive rubber plantation influences local environment. Most of the hilly regions in kerala grow rubber especially north kerala region is concentrating on rubber plantation. Konkan, karnataka and kerala coastal plain, hot humid to perhumid ecosubregion 19. Rubber plantation workers are vulnerable to a variety of health hazards and being in the unorganized sector, do not. Dakshina kannada can emerge as rubber industry hub. Coconut plays a major role in the economy of india. Banana is a rich source of carbohydrate and is rich in vitamins particularly vitamin b. Problems being faced by rubber cultivators in kerala due. Rubber board invites application for subsidy correspondent. Sawar dhanania took over charge as the chairman of the rubber board on 22072019. History of rubber and importance of kerala,kerala rubber. The state of kerala and kanyakumari district of tamil nadu are the traditional nr cultivating regions, whereas the nontraditional region are in the states. Ruberrri105 commercially, natural rubber is obtained almost exclusively from hevea brasiliensis, a tree indigenous to south america, where it grows wild to a height of 34 meters120 feet.
When the price of a crop goes up, its cultivation will increase. Kerala is one of the important states contributing to the production of plantation crops and spices in the country. Banana is a very popular fruit due to its low price and high nutritive value. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics, and other industrial products, its husk is a source of fiber which supports a sizable coir industry. Exports of tea, coffee and rubber are contributing 15 percent to the total agricultural export earnings. Research articles indian brahmaputra valley offers. Therefore remittances are used for input costs, farm machinery, and land. Rubber is an agro industry based product on which about 10 lakh farmers are directly involved, and about 60 lakh. The british established the first rubber plantation in india in 1902 on the banks of the river periyar in kerala.
Rubco has, in a short span, redefined the way the cooperative sector functions and set the pace for the cooperative movement in kerala today. Problems being faced by rubber cultivators in kerala due to recent import policy of the government. Cultivated in plantations, however, the tree grows only to about 24 meters 80 feet because carbon, necessary for growth, is also an essential constituent of rubber. Tripuras production is challenged in the face of poor soil fertility. The rubber plant was introduced in india by the dutch colonialists. Intensive cultivation methods are used in such production systems. Landsite suitability evaluation for tea, cardamom and rubber. Plantation industry in kerala at a crossroads rubber asia. Since columbus had discovered america in 1495 509 yearsago, red indian, ancient tribe of south of america, called it caoutchoue. Keralas farmers abandon rubber cultivation youtube. I shall discuss these questions with reference to a village in central kerala, using comparative data from a. Upto 1910, the demand for natural rubber in the world. Factors motivating farmers to switch from conventional to.
Kerala is a wet, tropical area with a hilly topography, coastal planes, semiarid areas and terraced valleys. Kerala, according to philip 1996, is the most suitable area in india for rubber cultivation. Revised 22 january 2017 natural rubber, obtained from the spurge hevea brasiliensis, is a material of high relevance in modern industrialized society. By the end of the 12th five year plan in march 2017, it hopes to bring an additional 60,000 ha under cultivation. Most of the hilly regions in kerala grow rubber especially north kerala region is. Commercial cultivation of natural rubber was introduced in india by the british, although the experimental efforts to grow rubber on a commercial scale in india were initiated as early as 1873 at the botanical gardens, calcutta. Furthermore, the demand for natural rubber is unbowed and the prices are still increasing. Following this experiment, numerous plantations begun in the british and malay archipelago, the regions which long supplied most of the worlds natural rubber. Distribution of natural rubber cultivation in relation to soil and landscape. Buy rubber estate plantation in kerala,buy sale rubber. Responses which were in malayalam regional language of kerala, were transcribed and those served as the primary source of data. Village politics in keralai kathleen gough the arrest of 800 leftist communists at the end of 1964, 150 of them from kerala, raises such questions as who supports the leftists, why, and how political parties operate in keralas villages.
The rubber crisis which began by the middle of 199e1 was against the aspirations of the rubber growers in kerala. Landsite suitability evaluation for tea, cardamom and. The council assures to increase the amount in subsequent years with an integrated plan. Assignment of government land for rubber plantation is governed by special rules for the assignment of government land of rubber cultivation 1960 which came into force on 25. Rubber is used for a variety of purposes from erasing pencil marks to manufacturing of tyres, tubes and a large number of. It is consumed in fresh or cooked form both as ripe and raw fruit. Matured rubber trees under tapping for matured rubber trees under tapping apply npk 10. Total area of cultivation in kerala 201011 5,34,228 hectares total production in kerala 201011 7,70,580 tonnes in kerala, rubber is generally grown in midlands and highlands. This crop was brought to india during the reign of british. Rubber tapping in kerala rubber plants kerala kerala. Kerala is the single largest rubber producing state in india accounting for 91 per cent of total nr production. Soil and land evaluation in various land utilization types has been carried out to assess the land suitability for tea, cardamom and rubber in wayanad district of kerala.
Raghavan irs took over charge as the executive director of the rubber board on 29042019. Status, opportunities, challenges and stakeholders. Kerala is the best place for rubber plantations, inwhich you get good yielding from kottayam, malapuram area, in this section we added the listing of all rubber estate plantations available for sale in kerala south india, with good yielding, rubber plantation in kottayam, rubber estate in. Rubber yield is higher in kerala, but quality is comparable between the two states plantations. Cost of cultivation 218 land use statistics 218 agriculture census 219 annexures 221252. Rubber cultivation in sri lanka by district source. An analytical study of market integration hypothesis for. The first commercial hevea plantations in india were established at thattekadu in 1902. Apk, in its annual report, pointed out that the production of natural rubber in the state in fy17 was 4. Rubber, tea, coffee and cardamom, are cultivated extensively in kerala. Kerala and tn are considered to be the traditional rubber growing regions in the country.
This table makes it clear that almost entire rubber is produced in kerala, tamil nadu and karnataka. It was the british settlers during the colonial times who had introduced the tea plantations and cultivation in kerala. Pdf compatibility of policy and institutional regimes for. The south indian state of kerala was the leading producer of natural rubber in the country. Data table 2 show the volatility in rubber price of kerala in terms of growth rate. The yields here can be good as it is in malaysia as the soil conditions are better than elsewhere in the country. Rubber is a coherent elastic solid obtained from latex of a number of tropical trees of which hevea brasiliensis is the most important.
Indian brahmaputra valley offers significant potential for cultivation of rubber trees under changed climate debabrata ray1,2, m. It is an indigenous tree of tropical rainforest of amazon basin of brazil. Rubber is traditionally cultivated in india in the hinterlands of the south west coast comprising of the state of kerala natural rubber, also called ind. Nontraditional rubber growing area means areas outside the traditional rubber growing areas said above. The licence granted under these rules shall be only for the right of occupation and cultivation of rubber on the allotted land. For rubber, sindhudurg is a nontraditional area for cultivation, but in recent years many keralabased planters have been buying land pieces of about 510 acres. British planters brought rubber in the colonial india. About 92% of the rubber production in india is from kerala, and of this, about 87% is produced by the marginal farmers. Tropical timber market report volume 22 number 10 16th 31st may 2018 the itto tropical timber market ttm report, an output of the itto market information service mis, is. In the traditional area, progress in production will. Cost and returns of natural rubber production in kerala. The highest tea estates in india are seen in and around munnar which is in the hill ranges of the western ghats in kerala. To assess the suitability of the rubber in elamdesam block, idukki district, kerala. He has been functioning as the member of the rubber board since may 2017.
Rubber development department, ministry of plantation industries in addition to the areas shown in figure 4, rubber cultivation has also begun in ampara and batticaloa districts in the last few years, on trial basis. Rubber is an important commercial agricultural product, collected from the latex of the tree hevea brasiliensis. They cultivated rubber in indonesia and as the climate in kerala is similar to that in indonesia they introduced the crop here as well. It accounts to 92 percent of the countrys total natural rubber production. For keralas rubber planters, the grass is greener in. The small holding under rubber in kerala is mainly homestead planting and is lying adjacent to each other. Land suitability evaluation for rubber in the tropical humid. Changing acres is the publication series of pan aps regional study on sustainable agriculture. As majority of these women are landless, the land is ta ken on lease for cultivation. The state of kerala produces nearly 90% of indias natural rubber output. He was working as principal commissioner of gst and central excise, mumbai central.
The rubber plant its botanical name is havea brasiliensis produces sticky, white latex that is collected and processed to produce natural. It was a great success when rubber was cultivated for experimentation purpose at the botanical gardens in calcutta now kolkata in 1873. This present study entitled a study on the socioeconomic condition of rubber plantation workers of diphu, karbi anglong district of assam is undertaken with the objective to throw light on the lives of the plantation workers. The process of rubber expansion has been quite dramatic, even surpassing the growth observed in the traditional rubber growing states in south india, including kerala, tamilnadu and karnataka. In his opinion, kerala has about 500,000 ha of paddy lands, of which 250,000 ha can be converted into rubber plantation. It is also a good source of potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. Thiruvananthapuram district is the southernmost district of the coastal state of kerala, in south india. Project documents of rubber to the poor, from the office records of mds from. Thailands decision to reduce rubber farming by 21 percent is likely to increase the rubber price at a global level and this. Production technology for vazhakulam pineapple mauritius.